William h



@uiten tetes utent @fitte Letters Patent N0.'76,611, dateeZIAprz'Z 14, 1868A.

IMPROVED nonnen' AND TBNON ronennsrnans.

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Bc it known that I, WILLIAM H. ELLOL of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented new and improved Mortise and Tenon for Bedsteads; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being 'had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters ci' reference marked thereon. i

Similar letters of reference indicate the same devices in all the gures.

To enable 'others skilledin the arts to comprehend, make, and -use my invention, I will proceed to describe its nature, construction, and operation.

The nature of my invention consists informing the projections or shoulders which support the side rail in my patent bedstead-fastening in separate pieces of the same material, and in fastening theparts vso formed together insuch a manner as to facilitate greatly the making of the same, and so as to prevent the warping or checking ofthe side rail without the use of cleats; in cutting the ltenen out ot' seasoned hard Wood, and fastening it to a light, soft-wood side rail, by means ofi/a large glue joint cut into the end of the side rail, so as to obtain the advantage ofia.V strong, hard-Wood tenon with the lightness and cheapness of a soft-'Wood side rail.

Figure l is an elevation of a portion of a post and side-rail, showing luy-improved mortise and tenen in dotted lines. i i I Figure 2 islan elevation of theend of a side rail, with a double tenen attached. l

Figure 3 is an elevation of a portion'ot a. bed-post, showing a mortise cut in the face of the same.

I igure 4 is an elevation of the end of a side rail prepared to receive the tenon.

Figure 5 is an elevation of n double tenon.

Figure 6 is a bottom viewof aside rail and tenen. i

Figures 7, 8, and 9 show a modification of my invention, figs. 7 and 9 being elevations and iig. 8a horizontal section. i i

a, bed-post; b, side rail; c and c', double tenon; CZ, shoulders, formed by projections, on the ends ofthe tenon; e, shoulders, formed by the end of the sidernilgf, portion of the side rail broken away .to show the edge of the double tonen; g, pins, to be used with glue or' other cement for' holding'the tenen in the side rail; 7L, mortise in the solid material of the post; 7L', depression in the sides otl the mortise to receive, the projectionsv z' on the end of th'e tenen; m, divisiondine between the two halves ofthe double tenen, one-half being'inserted into the end of the side rail and fastened permanently; the other haltl enters the post and serves as a fasten? ing; n, arrow, showing the direction ofthe grain ofthe .Wood ofthe sderail; n', arrow, showing the direction of the grain in the doublev tenen; o, arrow,.shoiving the direction of the grain in projection i; 0,arrow, showing thedirection of the grain in the side rail; 7', acute angle, formedby the shoulders d and e; e, obtuse angle, formed by the end of the tenen and the end of the side rail.

One great object cf my invention is to overcome the diiculties of constructing by machinery 'my bedstead` fastening as secured tome by my patent of the 20th of November, 1855. t is necessary, to render the fastem ing proof against insects, that the tenen shall till the mortise,and that the end of the side rail shall rest flat against the face o' the post, and cover the mortise so perfectly that insects cannet'get into it, asvherein shown; and to cut such a-tenon on the end of a side rail by maehinerv is more than can be done practically by any wood-cutting devices known at the present clay. i

To avoid hand-lubor, it is therefore necessary to cut the'shoulders d on one piece of wood, and the shoulders e on another 'piece of thesamc material, and fasten them together afterward by the strongest known method, viz, by gluing or cementing, us the cutting ofthese shoulders together on. the same piece, and forming the angles r and s, is the principal difficulty in the Way of making this fastening by machineryi To effect this object, I have put tiro methods'iuto practical use, which have been subjected to very severe tests Without injury. These two methods are shown in the drawings, the preferable one being that shown in lthel first six gures.

Other very desirable objects are attained by this method of constructing my mortise -and tenon. All endency of the ends of the side rail to check or warp is e'ectually prevented byform'ing a portion or the vhole of the' tenen of a separate piece, and gluing it to the side rail in suche. way that the grain of the wood n one piece shall cross the grain in the other, as shown by arrows 1t and n', and also by arrows o and o. lhs `aves the expense of a cleat across each end of the side rail,wheh is indispensably necessary when iron tenons ire let into or fastened upon the end of'a side rail. As the surface ofy the iron cannot be practically glued or iemented to the surface of the wood, iron tenons `are therefore insulicient to prevent warping or checking.

This invention combines all the advantages of a seasoned hard-wood tcnon with a-lighter and cheaper wood y 'or side rails, and, whenfastened together by the method herein specified, it has all the other advantages of a yenen and side. rail cut in .one solidpiece. l

In my improved fastening, as shown in the first six Iigures, theV tenon is cut from seasoned hard wood, as shown in fig. 5, hard maple being preferable. v This tenon is double, the two parts being divided by the line m. The part c should be about half an inch in thickness, and through the projections z' nearly ani'nch in thickness. I he part c shouldA be about three-eighths of an linch in thickness.` This tenori is cut in the form represented )y o'. 5 entirely by machinery. The side rail is prepared to receive the thinner portion ofthe tenon by sawing into the end 0i'.y it by a circular saw of suitable thickness. The tenon is then well glued into the end of the side rail, and afterward may be fastened with pins, which should also be glued. The mortise is of sucha shape and size as to be illed by the tenon, with a, slight allowance for the shrinkage of the parts. 'lhe lower side of the tenen does not rest on the lower end ofthe mortise, but the side rail is supported entirely on the shoulders al and e, the shoulders oZ drawing the end of the side rail against the post as it is pressed down', thus making the fastening a self-tightening one.

In the modification of my invention shown in the last three igures, the thin portion of the tenon c is cut upon the end of the side rail, the projections being cut in the form represented in tig. 9, vand glued on to the end of the tenen, as shown in iig. 8.

Having described my improved moltise and tenen for bedsteads, what I desire to have secured to me lby Letters Patent of the United States, is

4l. Cutting the shoulder d on one piece of wood, and the shoulder4 e on another piece of the saine material, and fastening the two together, substantially as described, when said shoulders so operate upon each other and upon the post as to make the fastening self-tightening, as herein set forth.

2. The double tenen c and c', when so constructed and applied that it shall become self-tightening when in use, and at the same time serve thepurpose of a cleat to prevent warping or checking, substantially as herein shown and described. j

3. The combination of pin g, double tenon e and c, side rail mortise 7L, withits depressions t' eut in the material of the post, allbeing constructed and operating substantially as described.

A WM. H. ELLIOT.

Witnesses:

M. L. ELLIOT, LOWELL ELLIOT. 

